～にかかわらず
ni kakawarazu
Regardless of; whether or not
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
Noun + にかかわらず. Opposite alternatives can precede it, as in 参加するしないにかかわらず, whether or not one participates.
Explanation 説明
State that the result or policy does not depend on the preceding condition. Age, nationality, weather, or paired alternatives are common. Distinguish it from ni mo kakawarazu, which emphasizes a result contrary to an actual fact.
Examples 例文
-
年齢にかかわらず、誰でも参加できます。
Anyone can participate regardless of age.
-
天候にかかわらず、説明会は室内で行います。
The information session will be held indoors regardless of the weather.
-
経験の有無にかかわらず、応募を受け付けます。
We accept applications whether or not applicants have experience.
-
購入するしないにかかわらず、自由に見学できます。
You are welcome to look around whether or not you buy anything.
-
国籍にかかわらず、同じ条件で利用できます。
The same terms of use apply regardless of nationality.
How related patterns differ 比較
ながらも and つつも express contrast, while ながら and つつ also have separate simultaneous-action uses. 反面 contrasts two aspects of one thing; に反して means contrary to expectations or rules. にかかわらず means the result does not depend on a condition.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～にかかわらず | Regardless of; whether or not | 年齢にかかわらず、誰でも参加できます。 Anyone can participate regardless of age. |
| ～つつ | While doing; although | 資料を確認しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。 While checking the documents, I noted the points that caught my attention. |
| ～つつも | Although; despite being aware of | 早く寝ようと思いつつも、つい本を読んでしまいました。 Although I intended to sleep early, I ended up reading. |
| ～ながら（も） | Although; despite | この部屋は狭いながらも、使いやすいです。 Although this room is small, it is practical. |
| ～に反して | Contrary to; against | 予想に反して、試験はそれほど難しくありませんでした。 Contrary to expectations, the exam was not very difficult. |
Comments posted (0)