～つつ
tsutsu
While doing; although
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
V stem + つつ
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Usually links actions by the same subject and is more written than ながら; つつも commonly marks a concession.
Examples 例文
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資料を確認しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While checking the documents, I noted the points that caught my attention.
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先生に相談しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While consulting the teacher, I noted the points that caught my attention.
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計画を見直しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While reviewing the plan, I noted the points that caught my attention.
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会場を下見しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While inspecting the venue beforehand, I noted the points that caught my attention.
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十分に練習しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While practicing thoroughly, I noted the points that caught my attention.
How related patterns differ 比較
ながらも and つつも express contrast, while ながら and つつ also have separate simultaneous-action uses. 反面 contrasts two aspects of one thing; に反して means contrary to expectations or rules. にかかわらず means the result does not depend on a condition.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～つつ | While doing; although | 資料を確認しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。 While checking the documents, I noted the points that caught my attention. |
| ～つい | Unintentionally; before one can stop oneself | 彼と話すのは楽しいので、つい長電話をしてしまう。今日も気づいたら2時間も話していた。 I enjoy talking to him, so I end up staying on the phone too long. Today, two hours had passed before I noticed. |
| ～つつある | Be gradually becoming; be in the process of | 日本語への関心が高まりつつある。 Interest in Japanese is gradually growing. |
| ～つつも | Although; despite being aware of | 早く寝ようと思いつつも、つい本を読んでしまいました。 Although I intended to sleep early, I ended up reading. |
| ～ながら（も） | Although; despite | この部屋は狭いながらも、使いやすいです。 Although this room is small, it is practical. |
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