~ぬ間に
nu ma ni
Before; while not yet
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
V negative stem + ぬ間に; する → せぬ間に
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
A literary form of ない間に, taking advantage of a period before a change or before being noticed.
Examples 例文
-
誰も気づかぬ間に、会議の準備を済ませた。
I finished preparing for the meeting before anyone noticed.
-
誰も気づかぬ間に、試験の準備を済ませた。
I finished preparing for the exam before anyone noticed.
-
誰も気づかぬ間に、研修の準備を済ませた。
I finished preparing for the training session before anyone noticed.
-
誰も気づかぬ間に、発表会の準備を済ませた。
I finished preparing for the presentation event before anyone noticed.
-
誰も気づかぬ間に、面接の準備を済ませた。
I finished preparing for the interview before anyone noticed.
How related patterns differ 比較
に至って emphasizes a final or extreme point; にして初めて achieves a result only at that stage. ぬ間に uses the time before a change. に至るまで extends a range, while をめぐって surrounds an issue with activity or debate.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ~ぬ間に | Before; while not yet | 誰も気づかぬ間に、会議の準備を済ませた。 I finished preparing for the meeting before anyone noticed. |
| ~にいたるまで(至るまで) | Even as far as; down to | 会議の案内は、座席の位置に至るまで詳しく書かれている。 The guidance for the meeting is detailed down to the seating positions. |
| ~をめぐる | Concerning; over | 会議の開催場所をめぐって、意見が分かれた。 Opinions differed over the venue for the meeting. |
| ~に至って | Only upon reaching; when it comes to | 会議が中止になるに至って、初めて問題の深刻さに気づいた。 Only when the meeting came to be canceled did I realize how serious the problem was. |
| ~にしてはじめて | Only at; only with | 長年の研究にして初めて、この成果が得られた。 Only after years of research was this result achieved. |
Comments posted (0)