～ないで済む
naide sumu
Manage without doing; be spared having to
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
Vない + で済む
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
An action is avoided because circumstances or another solution make it unnecessary.
Examples 例文
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説明を聞いたので、自分で資料を確認しないで済んだ。
After hearing the explanation, I was spared having to check the documents myself.
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説明を聞いたので、自分で先生に相談しないで済んだ。
After hearing the explanation, I was spared having to consult the teacher myself.
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説明を聞いたので、自分で計画を見直さないで済んだ。
After hearing the explanation, I was spared having to review the plan myself.
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説明を聞いたので、自分で会場を下見しないで済んだ。
After hearing the explanation, I was spared having to inspect the venue beforehand myself.
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説明を聞いたので、自分で十分に練習しないで済んだ。
After hearing the explanation, I was spared having to practice thoroughly myself.
How related patterns differ 比較
ないで and ずに can omit one action while doing another. ことなしに is literary. ないで済む emphasizes being spared an action. ないで also appears in requests, so replacing it mechanically with ずに is not always appropriate.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～ないで済む | Manage without doing; be spared having to | 説明を聞いたので、自分で資料を確認しないで済んだ。 After hearing the explanation, I was spared having to check the documents myself. |
| ～ず | Without doing; not doing | 辞書を使わずに、この文章を読みました。 I read this passage without using a dictionary. |
| ～ずに～ | Without doing | 友達は、時計をみると何も言わずに帰ってしまった。 My friend looked at the clock and left without saying anything. |
| ～ないで | Without doing | 勉強をしないでテスト受けたら、やっぱり失敗した。 I took the test without studying and, as expected, failed. |
| ～なくしては～ない | Without; not possible without | 研究なくしては、この成果は得られなかった。 Without research, we could not have achieved this result. |
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