～越し
goshi
Across a barrier; over a period
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
N + 越し（に／の）
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Can indicate contact across a barrier or something lasting over a period; distinguish the two senses.
Examples 例文
-
ガラス越しに、工房の作業を見学した。
I watched the workshop activities through the glass.
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電話越しに、子供の元気な声が聞こえた。
I heard my child's cheerful voice over the phone.
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画面越しでも、彼女の緊張が伝わってきた。
Even through the screen, I could sense her nervousness.
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三年越しの計画が、ようやく実現した。
The plan we had pursued for three years finally became a reality.
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フェンス越しに、練習中の選手たちを見た。
I watched the athletes training from the other side of the fence.
How related patterns differ 比較
These suffixes are not freely interchangeable: めく and じみる give a characteristic air; 気味 marks a slight tendency. まみれ often covers something in dirt, ずくめ describes an overall type, and づくし an assortment. Learn ずく, 越し, ぐるみ, and がかり in established combinations.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～越し | Across a barrier; over a period | ガラス越しに、工房の作業を見学した。 I watched the workshop activities through the glass. |
| ～気味 | Slightly; tending to | 研究が続いて、疲れ気味だ。 After continuous research, I am feeling a little worn out. |
| 〜めく | Have the air of; become like | 会議の案内には、謎めいた言葉が書かれていた。 The invitation to the meeting contained mysterious wording. |
| ～まみれ | Covered in; smeared with | 研究の後、彼は汗まみれになっていた。 After research, he was covered in sweat. |
| ～ずくめ | Entirely; nothing but | 会議は成功し、今日はいいことずくめだった。 The event, the meeting, succeeded; today was full of good things. |
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