～（で）すら
sura
even
N1JLPT
Formation 接続
N+(で)すら
Noun
Full formation notes
N + (で)すら
Explanation 説明
Highlights an extreme example; more literary or formal than さえ.
Examples 例文
-
忙しくて、資料すら読めなかった。
I was so busy that I could not even read the documents.
-
忙しくて、報告書すら読めなかった。
I was so busy that I could not even read the report.
-
忙しくて、説明書すら読めなかった。
I was so busy that I could not even read the instructions.
-
忙しくて、計画書すら読めなかった。
I was so busy that I could not even read the written plan.
-
忙しくて、申込書すら読めなかった。
I was so busy that I could not even read the application form.
How related patterns differ 比較
さえ and すら give extreme examples; たりとも excludes even the smallest amount. はおろか denies a more basic case. どころか counters an expectation; どころではない leaves no room to act. のみ and にすぎない limit things with different emphasis.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～（で）すら | even | 忙しくて、資料すら読めなかった。 I was so busy that I could not even read the documents. |
| ～さえ | Even | 忙しくて、資料さえ読めなかった。 I was so busy that I could not even read the documents. |
| ～にすぎない | no more than; just; merely; only~ Emphasizes the low level of something in terms of quality or quantity | これは資料の一部にすぎない。 This is merely part of the documents. |
| ～以外の | Other than; except | 会議以外の予定は入っていない。 I have no plans other than the meeting. |
| ～どころか | Far from; let alone | 資料を読むどころか、開く時間さえなかった。 Far from reading the documents, I did not even have time to open it. |
Comments posted (0)