～であれ／であろうと／だろうが／であろうが／～あろうとなかろうと
de are darou ga
Whether; even if
Formation 接続
N + であれ／であろうと／だろうが; V + ようが
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Introduces concessive conditions or alternatives that do not change the conclusion; attachment varies by word class.
Examples 例文
-
相手が教師であれ、規則は守ってもらう。
Even if the other person is a teacher, they must follow the rules.
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相手が医師であれ、規則は守ってもらう。
Even if the other person is a doctor, they must follow the rules.
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相手が指導者であれ、規則は守ってもらう。
Even if the other person is a leader, they must follow the rules.
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相手が経営者であれ、規則は守ってもらう。
Even if the other person is a manager, they must follow the rules.
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相手が政治家であれ、規則は守ってもらう。
Even if the other person is a politician, they must follow the rules.
How related patterns differ 比較
ながらに and かれ～かれ commonly occur in fixed combinations, not free attachments. こそすれ emphasizes one direction and denies the opposite. を込めて puts feeling into an action; であれ keeps a conclusion regardless of a condition.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～であれ／であろうと／だろうが／であろうが／～あろうとなかろうと | Whether; even if | 相手が教師であれ、規則は守ってもらう。 Even if the other person is a teacher, they must follow the rules. |
| ～にしろ～にしろ／～にせよ～にせよ | Whether A or B | 会議に出るにしろ、出ないにしろ、連絡してください。 Whether you attend the meeting or not, please let me know. |
| ～にしろ／～にせよ | Even if; granted that | 会議が中止になるにせよ、参加者への連絡は必要だ。 Even if the meeting is canceled, the participants still need to be informed. |
| ～をこめて | With; putting into | 会議の関係者に、感謝を込めて手紙を書いた。 I wrote a letter full of gratitude to those involved in the meeting. |
| ～とあれば | If it is for; if the case is | 大切な会議のためとあれば、協力を惜しまない。 If it is for an important event, the meeting, I will gladly cooperate. |
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