～ずく
zuku
By sheer means; based on calculation or agreement
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
fixed N + ずく（で／の）
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Used in fixed combinations for force, money, mutual consent, calculation, or self-interest; meaning varies by collocation.
Examples 例文
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力ずくで解決しようとしても、信頼は得られない。
Trying to settle things by force will not earn trust.
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何でも金ずくで動かせると思うのは間違いだ。
It is wrong to think that money can make everything go one's way.
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これは双方が納得ずくで決めた条件だ。
These are terms agreed upon with both sides' full consent.
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彼の親切は、計算ずくの行動ではなかった。
His kindness was not a calculated act.
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欲得ずくで近づいてくる人には注意したい。
I want to be cautious of people who approach me out of self-interest.
How related patterns differ 比較
These suffixes are not freely interchangeable: めく and じみる give a characteristic air; 気味 marks a slight tendency. まみれ often covers something in dirt, ずくめ describes an overall type, and づくし an assortment. Learn ずく, 越し, ぐるみ, and がかり in established combinations.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～ずく | By sheer means; based on calculation or agreement | 力ずくで解決しようとしても、信頼は得られない。 Trying to settle things by force will not earn trust. |
| ～気味 | Slightly; tending to | 研究が続いて、疲れ気味だ。 After continuous research, I am feeling a little worn out. |
| 〜めく | Have the air of; become like | 会議の案内には、謎めいた言葉が書かれていた。 The invitation to the meeting contained mysterious wording. |
| ～まみれ | Covered in; smeared with | 研究の後、彼は汗まみれになっていた。 After research, he was covered in sweat. |
| ～ずくめ | Entirely; nothing but | 会議は成功し、今日はいいことずくめだった。 The event, the meeting, succeeded; today was full of good things. |
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