～まま
mama
While remaining in a state; unchanged
Formation 接続
Past ta-form verb + まま; negative nai-form verb + まま; noun + の + まま; i-adjective + まま; na-adjective + な + まま.
Explanation 説明
Describe a state that remains unchanged during another action. V-ta mama maintains the resulting state of an action, while V-nai mama means something remains undone. It is not simply a connector for any two simultaneous actions.
Examples 例文
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窓を開けたまま出かけてしまいました。
I went out leaving the window open.
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靴を履いたまま部屋に入らないでください。
Please do not enter the room with your shoes on.
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朝ご飯を食べないまま会社へ行きました。
I went to work without eating breakfast.
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この町の景色は昔のままです。
The scenery in this town is unchanged from the past.
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電気をつけたまま寝てしまいました。
I fell asleep with the light still on.
How related patterns differ 比較
まま emphasizes an unchanged state. うちに focuses on an opportunity or a change during a period; ないうちに means before an event occurs. て以来 marks the starting event of a continuing state.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～まま | While remaining in a state; unchanged | 窓を開けたまま出かけてしまいました。 I went out leaving the window open. |
| ～ないうちに | Before something happens; while it has not yet happened | 雨が降らないうちに、洗濯物を取り込みましょう。 Let us bring in the laundry before it rains. |
| ～うちに | While; before a situation changes; during which | 若いうちに、いろいろな国を見てみたいです。 I want to see various countries while I am young. |
| ～て以来 | Ever since an event | 日本に来て以来、毎日電車で通勤しています。 Ever since coming to Japan, I have commuted by train every day. |
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