～かける／～かけだ／～かけの
kakeru
Be partway through; start to
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
V stem + かける／かけのN／かけだ
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Describes an action begun but not finished; some combinations can also mean almost doing something.
Examples 例文
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読みかけの資料を机に置いた。
I left the partly read item, the documents, on the desk.
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読みかけの報告書を机に置いた。
I left the partly read item, the report, on the desk.
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読みかけの説明書を机に置いた。
I left the partly read item, the instructions, on the desk.
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読みかけの計画書を机に置いた。
I left the partly read item, the written plan, on the desk.
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読みかけの申込書を机に置いた。
I left the partly read item, the application form, on the desk.
How related patterns differ 比較
かけ leaves an action unfinished; たきり leaves a subsequent action absent. も同然だ treats a state as practically reached; ところだった nearly reaches it but avoids it. ばそれまでだ makes a consequence final; いったん can mean once or temporarily.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～かける／～かけだ／～かけの | Be partway through; start to | 読みかけの資料を机に置いた。 I left the partly read item, the documents, on the desk. |
| ～いったん～ば／と／たら | Once; for a time | いったん会議が始まると、途中では入れません。 Once the meeting starts, you cannot enter partway through. |
| ～きり／～きりだ | Since doing and not again; only | 去年の会議で彼に会ったきり、連絡がない。 Since meeting him at last year's event, the meeting, I have heard nothing from him. |
| ～ところだった | Almost; nearly | もう少しで、会議に遅れるところだった。 I almost arrived late for the meeting. |
| ～ばそれまでだ | If that happens, that is the end | 会議が中止になればそれまでだが、今は準備を続けたい。 If the meeting is canceled, that will be the end of it, but for now I want to keep preparing. |
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