~上(じょう)は
jou wa
In terms of; from the standpoint of
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
N + 上(じょう)(は/の/も)
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Attaches to nouns such as law, systems, and theory to indicate an aspect; distinguish 上は read ue wa.
Examples 例文
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制度上は、この会議に誰でも参加できる。
Under the rules, anyone can participate in this event, the meeting.
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制度上は、この試験に誰でも参加できる。
Under the rules, anyone can participate in this event, the exam.
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制度上は、この研修に誰でも参加できる。
Under the rules, anyone can participate in this event, the training session.
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制度上は、この発表会に誰でも参加できる。
Under the rules, anyone can participate in this event, the presentation event.
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制度上は、この面接に誰でも参加できる。
Under the rules, anyone can participate in this event, the interview.
How related patterns differ 比較
からいって, からすると, and からみて introduce criteria or viewpoints. からして can emphasize even one clue. に言わせれば gives a personal opinion; 上 read jou marks an aspect such as law or theory, not every individual standpoint.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ~上(じょう)は | In terms of; from the standpoint of | 制度上は、この会議に誰でも参加できる。 Under the rules, anyone can participate in this event, the meeting. |
| ~からいって | Judging from; in terms of | 参加者の数からいって、この会議には広い会場が必要だ。 Judging from the number of participants, this event, the meeting, needs a large venue. |
| ~からして | Even from; judging by | この会議は、案内状からしてほかとは違う。 This event, the meeting, is different from the others even in its invitation. |
| ~からすると/からすれば | Judging from; from the standpoint of | 主催者からすると、会議の中止は難しい判断だった。 From the organizers' standpoint, canceling the meeting was a difficult decision. |
| ~からみて | Judging from; viewed from | 準備の状況から見て、会議は予定どおり行えそうだ。 Judging from the preparations, the meeting appears likely to proceed as planned. |
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