～づめだ
zume da
Continuously; without a break
Formation 接続
Full formation notes
V stem + づめ
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation 説明
Describes prolonged, often tiring activity, commonly working or walking without a break; spelled with づ.
Examples 例文
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会議の準備で、三日間働きづめだった。
I worked for three days without a break preparing for the meeting.
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試験の準備で、三日間働きづめだった。
I worked for three days without a break preparing for the exam.
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研修の準備で、三日間働きづめだった。
I worked for three days without a break preparing for the training session.
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発表会の準備で、三日間働きづめだった。
I worked for three days without a break preparing for the presentation event.
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面接の準備で、三日間働きづめだった。
I worked for three days without a break preparing for the interview.
How related patterns differ 比較
きる stresses completion; ぬく perseverance to the end. てみせる shows determination. てやまない sustains a feeling; っぱなし, づめ, and 通し describe duration with different nuances. ては～ては repeats alternating actions.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ～づめだ | Continuously; without a break | 会議の準備で、三日間働きづめだった。 I worked for three days without a break preparing for the meeting. |
| ～きる／きれる／きれない | Do completely; finish | 長かったが、資料を最後まで読みきった。 Although it was long, I finished reading all of the documents. |
| ～ぬく | Do through to the end | 困難があっても、最後まで研究をやり抜く。 Despite difficulties, I will persevere with research to the end. |
| ～てやまない | Never cease to; sincerely | 会議の成功を願ってやまない。 I sincerely hope for the success of the meeting. |
| ～っぱなし | Leave as is; keep doing | 会議の間、彼は立ちっぱなしだった。 He remained standing throughout the meeting. |
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